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James Lane Buckley (born March 9, 1923) is a judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He served as a United States Senator from the state of New York as a member of the Conservative Party of New York from January 3, 1971 to January 3, 1977. He was vice president and director of the Catawba Corporation from 1953 to 1970, and also served as Undersecretary of State for Security Assistance 1981–1982, as well as President of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc. 1982–1985. Buckley was also the lead petitioner in a landmark Supreme Court case, ''Buckley v. Valeo'', which "shaped modern campaign-finance law."〔Russello, Gerald. (Mr. Buckley Goes to Washington ), ''The American Conservative''〕 He successfully challenged the constitutionality of a law limiting campaign spending in Congressional races. In the 1970 election he was elected to the U.S. Senate as the nominee of the Conservative Party of New York, winning 38.7 percent of the vote in a six-candidate race,〔()〕 and served from 1971 until 1977. To date he has been the only candidate of his party, and the last third party registrant,〔William Carney was registered as a Conservative, but won the Republican primary in New York's 1st congressional district in 1978. Robert Spitzer (1994), "Third Parties in New York State", in Jeffrey M. Stonecash, John Kenneth White, and Peter W. Colby, edd., ''Governing New York State'', Third Edition, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.〕 to be successfully nominated and elected to the U.S. Congress.〔While elected in 2006 on the "Connecticut for Lieberman" line, Joe Lieberman's voter registration was and is Democratic. Vermont independent Bernie Sanders is not registered as a member of any political party. Neither Vermont Independent Jim Jeffords nor the Independence Party of Minnesota's Dean Barkley was ever elected as an Independent, though, after leaving office, Barkley ran as the Independence Party's candidate in the 2008 Senate election.〕 In the Senate Buckley introduced landmark legislation enacted by Congress to protect student records—the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) — as well as the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA), which requires parental consent prior to administration of student surveys on any of eight sensitive topics. "Buckley went on to a serve as an undersecretary of state—during Reagan’s first term—and a federal appellate judge. In between, Buckley held a number of other positions, including president of Radio Free Europe in the mid-1980s."〔 William F. Buckley Jr., the founder of the influential conservative magazine ''National Review'', was James Buckley's younger brother. ==Early life; education and early career== Buckley was born in New York City to lawyer and businessman William Frank Buckley, Sr., of Irish-Catholic descent, and Aloise Josephine Antonia (née Steiner) Buckley, a Southerner of Swiss-German, and some Irish, descent.〔http://www.wargs.com/other/buckley.html〕 He is the older brother of the late conservative writer William F. Buckley, Jr. and the uncle of Christopher Taylor Buckley. He is also the uncle of Brent Bozell III and political consultant William F. B. O'Reilly. A 1943 graduate of Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones,〔Alexandra Robbins, ''Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power'', Little, Brown and Company, 2002, page 168, 174〕〔"People in the News", Associated Press, May 27, 1983〕〔Bob Dart, "Skull and bones a secret shared by Bush, Kerry", ''The Gazette'', March 7, 2004〕 Buckley enlisted in the United States Navy in 1942 and was discharged with the rank of lieutenant in 1946. After receiving his law degree from Yale Law School, he was admitted to the Connecticut bar in 1950 and practiced law until 1953, when he joined Catawba as vice president and director. Buckley was married to Ann Cooley Buckley (died December 30, 2011), a former CIA desk officer, for 58 years and resides in Sharon, Connecticut. They have a daughter and five sons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James L. Buckley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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